For decades, Alaska Red King crab has been one of the most prized seafood species in all the world. It is a culinary delicacy, and a symbol of the wild bounty Alaska has to offer. In recent years, warming oceans and shifting ecosystems have cast uncertainty over the future of the species, however, groundbreaking research done by NOAA is proving that there is strong resilience and adaptability in the species.
Genetic Resilience in King Crab
Researchers have recently finished sequencing the full genome of Red King crab from across their range in Alaska. This sequencing has revealed there are 6, possibly 7, genetically distinct populations of King crab. These populations correspond to the different regions within their range—including the Bering Sea, Southeast Alaska, the Gulf of Alaska, Bristol Bay, Norton Sound/Chukchi Sea, and the Aleutian Islands— highlighting a level of genetic diversity that signals a strong ability to adapt to environmental changes such as shifting temperatures or borealization.
This kind of genetic diversity is nature’s way of building flexibility within a species. As the different regions face stress, shifting food availability, warmer waters, or other disruptions, the populations can adapt and survive.
Better Research, Better Management
This new research provides valuable insight to the genetic distinctions between habitat ranges and how the species naturally organizes itself. The state of Alaska already manages the fishery according to regional populations but can further improve management strategies in a way that works soundly with nature. These genetically distinct populations aren’t being lumped together in a way that would jeopardize their integrity. Instead, each area’s unique biological makeup can be considered in decisions about where, when, and how much crab can be harvested.
A Positive Look into the Fishery’s Future
This study also found something that might surprise critics of commercial fishing: despite population changes in some areas, like the Gulf of Alaska, the genetic diversity of King crab hasn’t diminished. That’s a powerful sign that the management practices in play are helping maintain the species long-term health even amid environmental changes.
Rather than diminishing the stock, the fishery management is operating in a way that preserves the genetic foundation of King crab. The combination of Alaska’s science-based regulations, harvest strategies, and ongoing investment into sustainable practices has allowed for the fishery to deliver high-quality seafood while also protecting and growing the stock for generations to come.